Investors may hit gold in Conoil stocks
Amid the bearish situation in the Nigerian stock market, investors who decided to raise their stakes in the shares of Conoil Plc, stand a good chance of hitting gold in the full year circle with returns on their investment likely to be above 100 percent.A sterling performance in the company’s unaudited reports for the first quarter (Jan. - March) has already re-assured shareholders and the investing public of the bright prospects for huge returns on investments at the end of 2008 financial year, as well as what the future holds for the company.The company recorded a turnover of N32.9 billion, representing 104 percent increase over the N16.138 billion earned in the same period in 2007. Profit Before Tax (PBT) rose by 161 percent to N1.598 billion as against N613 million in 2007, while Profit
After Tax (PAT) stood at N1.087 billion, about 153 percent above the N429 million profit earned in 2007.In a media briefing leading up to the company’s annual general meeting, the Managing Director, Mr. Sanjay Manthur, said the goal of the restructuring plan, which the company had since embarked upon, was to deliver quality service to customers and maximize value to all stake-holders.Mr. Manthur, who disclosed plans to raise funds through the capital market next year, said more one-stop mega stations were being built in various parts of the country and stressed that state of the art retail network would be tied up with leading fast food chains. According to him, the company projected about $159 million (N22.26 billion) for importation of petroleum product to boost rising demands for the products in the country.
The investment was a total of 90,000 metric tonnes of kerosene at the cost of $63 million and another $96 million on importation of a total of 150,000 metric tones of Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) better known as diesel, to meet rising demand for the product by mostly industrial consumers. He said the company is increasing its lubricant production by 100 per cent to 24 million litres in 2008, as it positions to take advantage of a rise in demand for engine oil even as it said that it was increasing its lubricant storage capacity to 60,000 metric tonnes.With the vision of being the market leader beyond Nigeria, the company have also embarked on expansion of its petroleum products storage depots spread across the country, with an investment outlay of about N3.5 billion spread over a five-year period. Facilities being upgraded are the company’s storage tanks for Premium Motor Spirit, Automotive Gas Oil and Dual Purpose Kerosene at the Apapa depot, AGO and Bitumen storage tank in Port Harcourt, the AGO depot in Warri, as well as company’s Aviation fuel storage capacity at its service centers in Ikeja, Abuja, Kano, Kaduna, Jos, Maiduguri and Port Harcourt.As a leader in the aviation fuel marketing sector, the company has continued to attract more patronage from airlines. As it recently signed up by Emirates Airline to supply 20 per cent of its aviation fuel need.
Thursday, September 25, 2008
Monday, September 22, 2008
THE DEMOCRACY IN INDIA
India’s Democracy Has Many Voices
Energetic, multiparty system of government relies on consensus
A poster of India’s most powerful low-caste politician, Uttar Pradesh’s Mayawati, with her party symbol, the elephant. (© AP Images)
By Lea TerhuneStaff Writer
Washington -- The world’s largest democracy is distinctive. With dozens of languages and hundreds of dialects spoken, India’s population is among the most diverse in the world.
“It’s very fluid, very dynamic, almost chaotic when viewed from the outside,” said Mira Kamdar, author of Planet India, a book that examines “the turbulent rise of the largest democracy and the future of our world.”
India is a country “going through a continued phase of incredible evolution and change,” she told America.gov. In recent decades, India has moved from the tight control of a political dynasty to a rough-and-tumble era of coalition governments that must respond to broader constituencies.
“You are watching the enfranchisement into the political process of whole blocks of a population whose specific interests and needs really never found expression in that process before in any kind of direct way,” Kamdar said. New parties are coming up and old parties that used to be powerful are losing influence.
According to Sevanti Ninan, media analyst, author and co-founder of www.thehoot.org, regional newspapers have helped that process. “It’s a post-liberalization phenomenon,” she said. In the early 1990s, growth in advertising made it lucrative for vernacular papers to expand regional editions.
There are upwards of 70 such papers in the politically important and populous Hindi Belt in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh alone.
“There’s an emerging rural middle class, it has purchasing capacity, it’s interested in buying newspapers, it’s upwardly mobile,” and it delivers a new, “very broad segment to the advertiser,” Ninan said.
These papers do a great deal of local reporting. “If a bridge collapses, or a shoddily built hospital or road, you start saying, ‘Who built it?’
“When the press gets more local, there is more scrutiny of local institutions and local governments, and in that sense people have a greater say, they know what’s happening, the little fellow who wants to get elected from there becomes accountable.”
LOCAL GOVERNANCE
Ninan said the institutionalization of the panchayat, or council of five, as a formal village governance system has spurred more citizen involvement.
Election of five elders to a village council to arbitrate local disputes is a tradition in India. But in 1994, a constitutional amendment delegated more administrative authority to these councils and reserved one-third of the seats for women and some for lower-caste individuals.
A crowd listens to Sonia Gandhi. Her Congress Party once dominated Indian politics but now shares power in a coalition. (© AP Images)
Panchayats now look after village infrastructure, schools, public health and water supplies and keep local records. Their flowering coincided with the rise of regional newspapers, Ninan said.
“They did a lot of panchayat coverage. ... Village-level democracy gets a big boost from newspapers.” The newspapers helped to localize concerns and give the panchayat members a platform: “It’s another level of democracy. … You have democracy because of local self-governance; you have democracy because of the local press interacting with the local self-governance process.”
Despite big, urban newspapers becoming more consumer-driven, Ninan said, “more than TV, which isn’t really able to do justice to complex issues, I think the Indian press is still doing a good job.”
VOICE OF THE PEOPLE
The people’s voice is being heard in India, but sometimes its volume can pose problems. Kamdar said representation of many interests is healthy, but a coalition government of 15 or more parties makes it “difficult to push through certain kinds of legislation or initiatives” that lack popular appeal. She cited the U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Agreement as an example.
That agreement to transfer nuclear technologies for the purpose of clean power generation has been stalled in India by political opposition. (See “President Bush Signs U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Agreement.”)
Analyst Michael Krepon, co-founder of the Stimson Center, agreed. “India’s fractious democracy has to rely a great deal on consensual agreement. The country is so diversified, a high value is placed upon consensus.”
“I think India’s vibrant democracy is a great strength, and it’s also a great inconvenience when it comes to making hard political decisions,” he told America.gov.
“We see it in our own country, where a party that supports something when it’s in office opposes it when it’s in the opposition. That’s part of how democracies work,” Krepon said.
Kamdar sees another similarity between Indian and American politics: supporting a candidate “so that he can get his hands on the goody pot and pass some goodies back to us” rather than for “his or her ideas and policies they propose.”
India contends with violent domestic militancy, so security issues influence its democratic processes. “All of India’s neighbors are very unsettled. India lives in a very tough neighborhood. It’s not just China, the big guy, which seems to be settled, it’s also the smaller countries, that have great domestic turbulence and provide breeding grounds for violent acts,” Krepon said.
India foreign policy expert C. Raja Mohan, currently at Nanyan Technological University in Singapore, added, “The relationship with Pakistan and Bangladesh is very central to the foundation and evolution of Indian democracy, for these two relations are as much domestic as they are bilateral.” Both countries were part of British India.
“The positive evolution of ties with Pakistan,” he said, is “definitely a signal of [India’s] maturation.”
Kamdar said Indian democracy is not like U.S. democracy, but she sees a tremendous opportunity for future cooperation between the two countries, particularly in tackling big issues of mutual concern like global warming
Energetic, multiparty system of government relies on consensus
A poster of India’s most powerful low-caste politician, Uttar Pradesh’s Mayawati, with her party symbol, the elephant. (© AP Images)
By Lea TerhuneStaff Writer
Washington -- The world’s largest democracy is distinctive. With dozens of languages and hundreds of dialects spoken, India’s population is among the most diverse in the world.
“It’s very fluid, very dynamic, almost chaotic when viewed from the outside,” said Mira Kamdar, author of Planet India, a book that examines “the turbulent rise of the largest democracy and the future of our world.”
India is a country “going through a continued phase of incredible evolution and change,” she told America.gov. In recent decades, India has moved from the tight control of a political dynasty to a rough-and-tumble era of coalition governments that must respond to broader constituencies.
“You are watching the enfranchisement into the political process of whole blocks of a population whose specific interests and needs really never found expression in that process before in any kind of direct way,” Kamdar said. New parties are coming up and old parties that used to be powerful are losing influence.
According to Sevanti Ninan, media analyst, author and co-founder of www.thehoot.org, regional newspapers have helped that process. “It’s a post-liberalization phenomenon,” she said. In the early 1990s, growth in advertising made it lucrative for vernacular papers to expand regional editions.
There are upwards of 70 such papers in the politically important and populous Hindi Belt in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh alone.
“There’s an emerging rural middle class, it has purchasing capacity, it’s interested in buying newspapers, it’s upwardly mobile,” and it delivers a new, “very broad segment to the advertiser,” Ninan said.
These papers do a great deal of local reporting. “If a bridge collapses, or a shoddily built hospital or road, you start saying, ‘Who built it?’
“When the press gets more local, there is more scrutiny of local institutions and local governments, and in that sense people have a greater say, they know what’s happening, the little fellow who wants to get elected from there becomes accountable.”
LOCAL GOVERNANCE
Ninan said the institutionalization of the panchayat, or council of five, as a formal village governance system has spurred more citizen involvement.
Election of five elders to a village council to arbitrate local disputes is a tradition in India. But in 1994, a constitutional amendment delegated more administrative authority to these councils and reserved one-third of the seats for women and some for lower-caste individuals.
A crowd listens to Sonia Gandhi. Her Congress Party once dominated Indian politics but now shares power in a coalition. (© AP Images)
Panchayats now look after village infrastructure, schools, public health and water supplies and keep local records. Their flowering coincided with the rise of regional newspapers, Ninan said.
“They did a lot of panchayat coverage. ... Village-level democracy gets a big boost from newspapers.” The newspapers helped to localize concerns and give the panchayat members a platform: “It’s another level of democracy. … You have democracy because of local self-governance; you have democracy because of the local press interacting with the local self-governance process.”
Despite big, urban newspapers becoming more consumer-driven, Ninan said, “more than TV, which isn’t really able to do justice to complex issues, I think the Indian press is still doing a good job.”
VOICE OF THE PEOPLE
The people’s voice is being heard in India, but sometimes its volume can pose problems. Kamdar said representation of many interests is healthy, but a coalition government of 15 or more parties makes it “difficult to push through certain kinds of legislation or initiatives” that lack popular appeal. She cited the U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Agreement as an example.
That agreement to transfer nuclear technologies for the purpose of clean power generation has been stalled in India by political opposition. (See “President Bush Signs U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Agreement.”)
Analyst Michael Krepon, co-founder of the Stimson Center, agreed. “India’s fractious democracy has to rely a great deal on consensual agreement. The country is so diversified, a high value is placed upon consensus.”
“I think India’s vibrant democracy is a great strength, and it’s also a great inconvenience when it comes to making hard political decisions,” he told America.gov.
“We see it in our own country, where a party that supports something when it’s in office opposes it when it’s in the opposition. That’s part of how democracies work,” Krepon said.
Kamdar sees another similarity between Indian and American politics: supporting a candidate “so that he can get his hands on the goody pot and pass some goodies back to us” rather than for “his or her ideas and policies they propose.”
India contends with violent domestic militancy, so security issues influence its democratic processes. “All of India’s neighbors are very unsettled. India lives in a very tough neighborhood. It’s not just China, the big guy, which seems to be settled, it’s also the smaller countries, that have great domestic turbulence and provide breeding grounds for violent acts,” Krepon said.
India foreign policy expert C. Raja Mohan, currently at Nanyan Technological University in Singapore, added, “The relationship with Pakistan and Bangladesh is very central to the foundation and evolution of Indian democracy, for these two relations are as much domestic as they are bilateral.” Both countries were part of British India.
“The positive evolution of ties with Pakistan,” he said, is “definitely a signal of [India’s] maturation.”
Kamdar said Indian democracy is not like U.S. democracy, but she sees a tremendous opportunity for future cooperation between the two countries, particularly in tackling big issues of mutual concern like global warming
Sunday, September 21, 2008
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Why Ghana is now haven for Nigerian industrialists
The Bible prophecy that the first shall be the last and vice versa is coming to fulfillment as Nigeria, the once most sought after country by neigbouring African countries most especially Ghana has become the land of hunger and other vices. Ghana today has become the promise land for Nigerian industrialists and manufacturers.
This is the view of one of the foremost personalities in the hospitality business in Nigeria, Chief Felix Obi-Odunukwe, the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Gossard Hotels Limited and Our House Restaurants.
Going down memory lane, Odunukwe said that in the 70s, Ghanaians were trooping to Nigeria in search of greener pastures, adding that when they came, they did menial jobs like factory work, house helps, shoe mending for survival.
However, he said that in the 80s the government of the day felt that they were constituting a nuisance in the country and drove them back to their country.
He said that today the pendulum has changed as it is now Nigerian manufacturers who are trooping to Ghana in search of more conducive environment to manufacture their products and then bring them back to Nigeria for sale.
He said that the reason is the unfavorable business climate that pervades the country.
According to him, for anybody to do business in Nigeria, he has to provide the whole infrastructure for his business.
“I spend over N700.000 every month on diesel and fuel. Last year, I spent over N400.000 to make the road that leads to my hotel and restaurant motorable so that customers could come. This money which I am spending on infrastructure would have gone into expanding my business or even improving the welfare of my staff.”
In this interview, he also spoke on the challenges facing hospitality business in the country, the laudable efforts being made by the Governor of Lagos State to improve infrastructure in the state, what government should do to improve the business environment and on other issues.
Excerpts
My name is Chief Felix Obi-Odunukwe, the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Gossard Hotel and Our House Restaurant. My business location is in Community Road, Satellite Town Lagos that is by Lagos-Badagry, Expressway Lagos. I am into hospitality business, which you and I know is fraught with a lot of challenges. It is a very dynamic kind of business of which if you fail to flow with the tide, you would be drowned by the torrents. I went into the business in 2002 and today to God be the glory, we have attained international standard as people from different countries in West Africa and even beyond patronize us. We have had cases of people calling us all the way from Europe and America to make reservations for them that they are coming to Nigeria and would want to stay in our hotel.
How to run a successful hospitality business
The challenges of running a hospitality business are enormous. As I said earlier, it is a very dynamic business especially if you want to be on top of the business. For instance, we in Gossard use to have both local and international guests and as such we have to make sure that the service we offer is the same thing if not more than what our international guests get in London, New York or even Dubai. In order to achieve this, I travel most of the time and when I do, I stay in the best hotels wherever I go. While in the hotel, I look at the facilities in the hotel, their services and so on and when I come back, I try to put what I observe in my own hotel and restaurant.
That is to say that hospitality is not a business you do sitting at a place. You have to go around and see what others are doing and then try to improve on it. Another challenge about hospitality business is having friendly disposition to all. For you to have done well in hospitality business, you have to put all smiles, all-apologetic even when you are right and very neat.
The reason is because once a customer comes, the first thing he or she looks at is your countenance, the second is the neatness of the environment. It is when he or she is satisfied with that that he would feel relaxed. Your countenance and the neatness of your environment is even more important than the taste of the food or drink he is going to take. Therefore, you have to have a friendly disposition; you and your business environment have to be very neat. Then the food and drink that they are going to consume must be served the way they like it. You can only thank your stars when a customer comes and come again with his friends. That is the exam in the business and once you pass it then you know that you are on the right course.
Challenges of doing business in Nigeria
I want to start by saying that it is only a man with a large heart that can do business in Nigeria. The challenges of doing business are the same thing as one trying to live in comfort in hell. I have travelled across the length and breadth of the globe and I want to confess that Nigeria is the most difficult place to do business. Whoever survives minimally in the Nigerian business environment would be a superstar in any other country in the world. Now if you listen very well, you would hear the noise of our generator. I have four of them and I run them 24 hours.
We have guests from different parts of the country and the world. It would be inhuman and bad business for somebody that comes from United States or Canada and is lodging with you and all of a sudden the power goes off. How would you expect him to come back another time? So I spend about N700.000 every month on diesel to keep my four generators running. Last year, the road that leads to our business premise was not motorable, that is Community Road; I had to spend N400.000 to make it motorable. There is no pipe borne water in this side of Satellite Town and you know I am in a business where water is needed every second of the day, so I provide the water.
With what I have told you now, what is the difference between government and me. My fate is the same with others in business in Nigeria. We provide everything for ourselves and at the end of the day, we still pay tax to government. That is why a lot of Nigerian manufacturers are trooping to Ghana. They set up their factories there, employ Ghanaians and after producing they would bring them down to Nigeria to sell. Just imagine what government is losing by this. This is Ghana, which about 20 years ago had their citizens rushing to Nigeria for survival but today the reverse has become the case. Even our traders now go to Ghana to buy the goods that they sell in Nigeria. Now tell me who is the giant and who is the dwarf of Africa.
Marketing style
Well, our good work speaks for us. There have never been any bodies that come to either our hotel or restaurant that would not want to come back. This is because we treat our customers in a way that they would be thoroughly satisfied.
The Bible prophecy that the first shall be the last and vice versa is coming to fulfillment as Nigeria, the once most sought after country by neigbouring African countries most especially Ghana has become the land of hunger and other vices. Ghana today has become the promise land for Nigerian industrialists and manufacturers.
This is the view of one of the foremost personalities in the hospitality business in Nigeria, Chief Felix Obi-Odunukwe, the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Gossard Hotels Limited and Our House Restaurants.
Going down memory lane, Odunukwe said that in the 70s, Ghanaians were trooping to Nigeria in search of greener pastures, adding that when they came, they did menial jobs like factory work, house helps, shoe mending for survival.
However, he said that in the 80s the government of the day felt that they were constituting a nuisance in the country and drove them back to their country.
He said that today the pendulum has changed as it is now Nigerian manufacturers who are trooping to Ghana in search of more conducive environment to manufacture their products and then bring them back to Nigeria for sale.
He said that the reason is the unfavorable business climate that pervades the country.
According to him, for anybody to do business in Nigeria, he has to provide the whole infrastructure for his business.
“I spend over N700.000 every month on diesel and fuel. Last year, I spent over N400.000 to make the road that leads to my hotel and restaurant motorable so that customers could come. This money which I am spending on infrastructure would have gone into expanding my business or even improving the welfare of my staff.”
In this interview, he also spoke on the challenges facing hospitality business in the country, the laudable efforts being made by the Governor of Lagos State to improve infrastructure in the state, what government should do to improve the business environment and on other issues.
Excerpts
My name is Chief Felix Obi-Odunukwe, the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Gossard Hotel and Our House Restaurant. My business location is in Community Road, Satellite Town Lagos that is by Lagos-Badagry, Expressway Lagos. I am into hospitality business, which you and I know is fraught with a lot of challenges. It is a very dynamic kind of business of which if you fail to flow with the tide, you would be drowned by the torrents. I went into the business in 2002 and today to God be the glory, we have attained international standard as people from different countries in West Africa and even beyond patronize us. We have had cases of people calling us all the way from Europe and America to make reservations for them that they are coming to Nigeria and would want to stay in our hotel.
How to run a successful hospitality business
The challenges of running a hospitality business are enormous. As I said earlier, it is a very dynamic business especially if you want to be on top of the business. For instance, we in Gossard use to have both local and international guests and as such we have to make sure that the service we offer is the same thing if not more than what our international guests get in London, New York or even Dubai. In order to achieve this, I travel most of the time and when I do, I stay in the best hotels wherever I go. While in the hotel, I look at the facilities in the hotel, their services and so on and when I come back, I try to put what I observe in my own hotel and restaurant.
That is to say that hospitality is not a business you do sitting at a place. You have to go around and see what others are doing and then try to improve on it. Another challenge about hospitality business is having friendly disposition to all. For you to have done well in hospitality business, you have to put all smiles, all-apologetic even when you are right and very neat.
The reason is because once a customer comes, the first thing he or she looks at is your countenance, the second is the neatness of the environment. It is when he or she is satisfied with that that he would feel relaxed. Your countenance and the neatness of your environment is even more important than the taste of the food or drink he is going to take. Therefore, you have to have a friendly disposition; you and your business environment have to be very neat. Then the food and drink that they are going to consume must be served the way they like it. You can only thank your stars when a customer comes and come again with his friends. That is the exam in the business and once you pass it then you know that you are on the right course.
Challenges of doing business in Nigeria
I want to start by saying that it is only a man with a large heart that can do business in Nigeria. The challenges of doing business are the same thing as one trying to live in comfort in hell. I have travelled across the length and breadth of the globe and I want to confess that Nigeria is the most difficult place to do business. Whoever survives minimally in the Nigerian business environment would be a superstar in any other country in the world. Now if you listen very well, you would hear the noise of our generator. I have four of them and I run them 24 hours.
We have guests from different parts of the country and the world. It would be inhuman and bad business for somebody that comes from United States or Canada and is lodging with you and all of a sudden the power goes off. How would you expect him to come back another time? So I spend about N700.000 every month on diesel to keep my four generators running. Last year, the road that leads to our business premise was not motorable, that is Community Road; I had to spend N400.000 to make it motorable. There is no pipe borne water in this side of Satellite Town and you know I am in a business where water is needed every second of the day, so I provide the water.
With what I have told you now, what is the difference between government and me. My fate is the same with others in business in Nigeria. We provide everything for ourselves and at the end of the day, we still pay tax to government. That is why a lot of Nigerian manufacturers are trooping to Ghana. They set up their factories there, employ Ghanaians and after producing they would bring them down to Nigeria to sell. Just imagine what government is losing by this. This is Ghana, which about 20 years ago had their citizens rushing to Nigeria for survival but today the reverse has become the case. Even our traders now go to Ghana to buy the goods that they sell in Nigeria. Now tell me who is the giant and who is the dwarf of Africa.
Marketing style
Well, our good work speaks for us. There have never been any bodies that come to either our hotel or restaurant that would not want to come back. This is because we treat our customers in a way that they would be thoroughly satisfied.
Tuesday, September 16, 2008
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND NIGERIA'S DEVELOPMENT
AN INTRODUCTION.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, ACCORCING TO WIKIPEDIA ENCYCLOPEDIA CAN BE BROADLY DESCRIBED AS THE DEVLOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION AND STUDY OF BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT POLICY. THIS IMPLIES THAT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ENCOMPASSES ALL THE ACTIVITIES THAT ARE INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLIMENTATIONS OF GOVERNMENT POLCIES AND DECISION. IT IS LINKED TO PURSUING THE PUBLIC GOOD BY ENHANCING CIVIL SOCIETY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE.
EVALUATING THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE ABOVE BROAD EXPLANATIOON, WE CAN THEN PROPERY DESCRIBE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS THAT WHICH INVOLVES THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND THEIR REALTIONSHIP WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH LARGER WORLD; HOW PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS ARE ORGANIZED AND MANAGED ; HOW PUBLIC POLICY STRUCTURES THE DESIGN OF GOVERNMRENT PROGRAMMS THAT WE RELY UPON AND HOW OUR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT CREATES AND CHANGES PUBLIC POLICY PROGRAMS TO RESPOND TO THE NEEDS AND INTERESTS OF A NATION. PUBLIC ADMINSTRATION, AS WE CAN SEE INVOLVES ALL THAT GOES IN GOVERNMENT. IT MEANS THAT PUBLIC ADMINSTRATIO CAN AS WELL AS BE RERRED TO AS PUBLIC GOVERNANCE OR MANAGEMNT OF GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS.
WITH THIS, THE IDEA OF GOVRNMENT ITS MEANING ANF RELATIONMSH WITH PUBLIC ADMINSTRATION COMES TO MIND,. WHAT THEN IS GOVERNMENT? HOW DOES IT RELATES TO PIBLIC ADMINSTRATIO?
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBIC ADMINSTRATION AND GOVERNMENT
THR TERM 'GOVERNMENT' CAN PROPERLY BE EXPLAINED AND UNDERSTOOD IN THW WORDS OF P.N. CHIKENDU, IN HIS BOOK "NIGERIAN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT". FOR HIM, THE IDEA OF GOVERNMENT EMANATES FROM THE FACT OF A DEFINITE GROUP OF PEOPLE LIVING TOGETHER AND INTERACXTING AMONG THEMSELVES IN ANEFFORT TO SATISFY THEIR RESPDTIVE NEEDS AND DESIRES ALL INORDER TO ATTAIN WHAT ARISTOTLE CALLS THE GOODLIFE.
HA ALSO HAS IT THAT GOVERNMENTOPERATES WITHIN THE AMBIT OD A STATE. A STATE IS A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO SETTLE AND LIVE WITHIN A DEFINTE TERRITORY WITH DEFINITE FRONTIERS AND HAVING A FINAL AUTHORITHY OF A BODY DALLED GOVERNMENT. IT IS HERE THAT GOVERNMENT AQND PIBLIC ADMINISTRATION HAD A REMARKABLE LINK. PUBLIC ADMINSTRATION INTERS HAVING A CENTRAL BODY IN AN ORGANIZATION THGAT MANGES AND ADMINSTERS THE AFFAIRS OF THAT GROUP. THIS IS ALSO REFERRED TO AS GOVERNMENT. NOW, HOW DO WE APPLY THESE EXPOSITRIONS MADE ABOVETO NIGERIA AS AN EWNTITY, A NATION THAT HAS GOVERNMENT AND INVARIABLY PUBLIC ADMINSTRATION? HOW HAD THE PUBLIC GOVERNACE AND ADMINSTRATIONM HELPED OR CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA AS A NATION.
RELATING PUBLIC ADMINSTRATION TO NIGERINAN CONTEX
PUBLIC ADMINSTRATION IN THE NIGERIAN CONTEX IS ALL ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT, ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMNT OF POLICIES THAT AFFECTS NIGERIANS BY THE NIGERIAN ADMINSTRATORS. IT INVOVES THE ACTIVITES OF THE NIGERIAN GOVERNMENT AND HOW THESE AFFECT THE NIGERIANS AS A WHOLE. IT INTERS HOW THE PUBLIC POLICY, STUCTURES THE DESIGN OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS AND HOW OUR STATES, CITIES AND TOWNS WORK WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN REALIZINF THEIR GOALS AND PLANS FOR THE FUTURE.
NIGERIA, SINCE ITS EXISTENCE HAS WITNESSED A LOTS OF PUBLIC ADDMINISTRARORS AND GOVERNMENTS. HOW HAVE THESE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATORS AND GOVERNORS HELPED OR CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA.
THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONS TO NIGERIAN DEVELOPMENT
NIGERIA AS ENTITY, WE MUST NOTE, IS AN ACCIDENT OF HISTIORY. THIS ENTITY WE NOW CALL NIGERIA IS COMPOSED OF VARIOUS ETHNIC GROUPS. THE VARIOUS ETHNIC NATIONALITIES THAT NOW CONSTITUTE NIGERIA LIVED SEPAERATE POLITICAL EXISTENCE. THAY HAD THIER SEPARATE GOVERNMWENTS AND WERE INDEPENDENT OF EACH OTHER. IF IT WAS NOT BECAUSE OF THE BRITISH COLONIALISTS THAT BROUGHT THEM TOGETHER UNDER ONE POLITIACAL UMBRALLA, THAY WOULD HAVE REMAINED MINI-STATES OR DEVELOPED BETTER IN ANOTHER WAY.
TO BE CONTINUED.......................................
A SOCIAL REVOLUTIONALIST
KWAME NKRUMAH'S POLITCAL THOUGHTS.
KWAME NKRUMAH WAS A SOCIALIST REVOLUTIONIST WHO FOUGHT WITH HIS LIFE TO SECURE FREEDOM FOR THE WHOLE OF AFRICA. HIS PAN-AFRICAN NATIONALISM AND PHILOSOPHICAL CONSCIENCISM MARKS HIM OUT FROM HIS CONTEMPORARY POLTICAL THEORISTS. A GHANAIAN BY ORIGIN AND AN AMERICAN BY INTELLECTUAL FORMATION, A FORMATION THAT HE LAMENTED TO BE ENSCHACKLING FOR THE AFRICAN, NKRUMAH GAVE IN ALL IN HIS POWER FOR THE TOTAL LIBERIATION OF AFRICA, NOT ONLY FROM COLONIALISM BUT ALSO FROM NEO-COLONIALISM AND IMPERIALISM. HIS THEORIES EMBRACED THREE INTER-RELATED PHASES: THE THEORY OF LIBERATION. PAN-AFRICANISAM AND PHILOSOPHICAL CONSCIENCISM. IN THIS EXPOSE THEREFOR, I AM SET TO X-RAY THESE DORPORA AND FROM THEREIN DISCOVER NKRUMAH'S CONVICTIONS AS TO THE LIBERATION STRUGGLE.
KWAME NKRUMAH'S POLITICAL THOGHTS:
1. THE THEORY OF LIBERATION
KWAME NKRUMAH, IN HIS BOOK."TOWARDS COLONIAL FREEDOM". JUST LIKE THE MARXIST PREDICTION, IDENTIFIED THE ELEMRNTS OF COLONIALISM, WHICH HAS WITHIN IT. ITS OWN SEED OF DESTRUCTION. THE INTELLIGENSIA, NKRUMAH MAINTAINED ARE THOSE AFRICAN SONS DRAWN FROM THE FAMILIES OF CHIEFS AND FROM THE "MONEYED" SECTION OF THE POPULATIOOPN, WHO ARE EDUCATED IN WESTERN IDEOLOGY. THESE PROVID ALINK BETWEEN THE COLONIAL POWER AND THE MASSES. SO, THE MONOPOLY AND CONTROL OF DAPITAL BY THE COLONIAL LORDS AGAINST THE AFRICANS ACCELERATES THE DESIRE FOR RECOLOLT AMONMG THE COLONIZES INTELLIGENTSIA. AS CAPITAL IS CONTINUOUSLY PUMPED INTO THE COLONIES, EXPLOTATION INCREASES AND THE ECONOMIC SUBJUGATION OF THE COLONIES LEADS TO UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAPITALIST CONTRIES AND THE ROFE BETWEEN THE RICH AND THE POOR IS FURTHER STRRNTHENED. THIS WIILL INEVITABLY LEAD TO WAR.
THIS ENCOURAGES NKRUMQAH INTO MAPPING OUT PLANS TOWARDS THE LIBERATRION OF AFRICAN FROM THEIR COLONIAL SUBGATION. THE FIRST AND ESSENTIAL STEP IS THE ORGANISATION AND MOBLIZATION OF LABOUR AND YOUTH, MASS POLITCAL EDUCATION AND TRAINIG AND EMPLOYING FRON THE BEST MANPOWER WE HAVE IN YOUTHS. THESE SHOULD BE MADE TO KNOW WHO THE ENEMY IS AND HIS STATEGIES TO BRING THE AFRICAN POPULACE UNDER PERPETRUAL SERVITUDE. THESE LIBERATION MOVEMENTS FORMED, COULD RALIZE THEIER AIMS THROUGH FERE PRESS AND ANTI-COLONIAL SREUGGLES AND A TRUE AFRICAN CONSCIOSNESS SHOULD BE AWAKEND. WHAT THESE LIBERATION MOVEMENTS ASPIRE TO IS TOTAL FREEDOM, WHCH IS EXPRESEXD IN POLICAL FRESSDOM AND SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION. THESE CAN ONLY BE ACHIEVED THROUGH A CONCERTERD EFFORT OF THE ENTIRE CONTINEENT.
TO BE CONTINUED...............................................
KWAME NKRUMAH WAS A SOCIALIST REVOLUTIONIST WHO FOUGHT WITH HIS LIFE TO SECURE FREEDOM FOR THE WHOLE OF AFRICA. HIS PAN-AFRICAN NATIONALISM AND PHILOSOPHICAL CONSCIENCISM MARKS HIM OUT FROM HIS CONTEMPORARY POLTICAL THEORISTS. A GHANAIAN BY ORIGIN AND AN AMERICAN BY INTELLECTUAL FORMATION, A FORMATION THAT HE LAMENTED TO BE ENSCHACKLING FOR THE AFRICAN, NKRUMAH GAVE IN ALL IN HIS POWER FOR THE TOTAL LIBERIATION OF AFRICA, NOT ONLY FROM COLONIALISM BUT ALSO FROM NEO-COLONIALISM AND IMPERIALISM. HIS THEORIES EMBRACED THREE INTER-RELATED PHASES: THE THEORY OF LIBERATION. PAN-AFRICANISAM AND PHILOSOPHICAL CONSCIENCISM. IN THIS EXPOSE THEREFOR, I AM SET TO X-RAY THESE DORPORA AND FROM THEREIN DISCOVER NKRUMAH'S CONVICTIONS AS TO THE LIBERATION STRUGGLE.
KWAME NKRUMAH'S POLITICAL THOGHTS:
1. THE THEORY OF LIBERATION
KWAME NKRUMAH, IN HIS BOOK."TOWARDS COLONIAL FREEDOM". JUST LIKE THE MARXIST PREDICTION, IDENTIFIED THE ELEMRNTS OF COLONIALISM, WHICH HAS WITHIN IT. ITS OWN SEED OF DESTRUCTION. THE INTELLIGENSIA, NKRUMAH MAINTAINED ARE THOSE AFRICAN SONS DRAWN FROM THE FAMILIES OF CHIEFS AND FROM THE "MONEYED" SECTION OF THE POPULATIOOPN, WHO ARE EDUCATED IN WESTERN IDEOLOGY. THESE PROVID ALINK BETWEEN THE COLONIAL POWER AND THE MASSES. SO, THE MONOPOLY AND CONTROL OF DAPITAL BY THE COLONIAL LORDS AGAINST THE AFRICANS ACCELERATES THE DESIRE FOR RECOLOLT AMONMG THE COLONIZES INTELLIGENTSIA. AS CAPITAL IS CONTINUOUSLY PUMPED INTO THE COLONIES, EXPLOTATION INCREASES AND THE ECONOMIC SUBJUGATION OF THE COLONIES LEADS TO UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAPITALIST CONTRIES AND THE ROFE BETWEEN THE RICH AND THE POOR IS FURTHER STRRNTHENED. THIS WIILL INEVITABLY LEAD TO WAR.
THIS ENCOURAGES NKRUMQAH INTO MAPPING OUT PLANS TOWARDS THE LIBERATRION OF AFRICAN FROM THEIR COLONIAL SUBGATION. THE FIRST AND ESSENTIAL STEP IS THE ORGANISATION AND MOBLIZATION OF LABOUR AND YOUTH, MASS POLITCAL EDUCATION AND TRAINIG AND EMPLOYING FRON THE BEST MANPOWER WE HAVE IN YOUTHS. THESE SHOULD BE MADE TO KNOW WHO THE ENEMY IS AND HIS STATEGIES TO BRING THE AFRICAN POPULACE UNDER PERPETRUAL SERVITUDE. THESE LIBERATION MOVEMENTS FORMED, COULD RALIZE THEIER AIMS THROUGH FERE PRESS AND ANTI-COLONIAL SREUGGLES AND A TRUE AFRICAN CONSCIOSNESS SHOULD BE AWAKEND. WHAT THESE LIBERATION MOVEMENTS ASPIRE TO IS TOTAL FREEDOM, WHCH IS EXPRESEXD IN POLICAL FRESSDOM AND SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION. THESE CAN ONLY BE ACHIEVED THROUGH A CONCERTERD EFFORT OF THE ENTIRE CONTINEENT.
TO BE CONTINUED...............................................
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)